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Ranar Isar da Sako: 2019/05/18
Takaitacciyar Tambaya
ina so a ba ni tarihin Jundubu dan Janadata (Abuzarril Giffari)?
SWALI
ina so a gaya min tarihin Jundubu bin Janadata (Abuzarr Al-Giffari).
Amsa a Dunkule
Ya kai dan’uwa mai girma;
Muna baka hakuri saboda jinkirin da aka samu wajen bada amsar tambayarka a sakamakon wasu larurori na aiki:-  
Shi ne jundubu dan janadata ko kuma a ce Abuzarril giffari yana daga cikin manyan sahabban manzo tun a farkon manzanci ya kasance daga cikin wadanda suka yi imani da manzo. Kafin zuwan musulunci ya kasance daga cikin masu bautar Allah makadaici a lokacin da ya san Manzo (s.a.w) sai ya karbi musulunci, sabanin sauran musulmai Abuzarri a lokacin da ya shiga musulunci bai zauna a maka ba sai ya koma wajen kabilarsa, sannan har zuwa lokacin yakin ahzab, sannan ne ya zo madina ya shiga cikin rundunar Ma’aiki (s.a.w).
Bayan mutuwar Abubukar sai ya koma sham (syria). A lokacin Usman saboda yawan nuna rashirin yardar sa da bidi’o’in da mu’awuya ke kirkirowa sai aka dawo da shi madina daga karshen sai aka kora ko aka nisanta shi zuwa kauyen rizbah, kuma a can ya rasu. Abuzar na daga cikin sahabbai jarumai masu magana daya da tsayawa a kanta kamar yadda ya zo daga Manzo (s.a.w) yana cewa: “sama ba ta yiwa wani inuwa ba kuma kasa ba ta dauki wani mutum mafi fadin gaskiya fiye da abu zarri ba” kuma abu zarri na daga cikin mutanen da suke makusanta imam Ali (a.s) bayan abin da ya faru a Sakifa ya afku Abuzarri ya kasance daga cikin ‘yan tsirarun sahabban da suka yi saura a gefen imam Ali (a.s) kuma yana daga cikin shi’ar imam Ali (a.s).
 
Amsa Dalla-dalla
Abuzarri na daga cikin manyan sahabban Manzo (s.a.w) wanda tun a farkon kira ya mika wuya zuwa ga musulunci kuma yana da cikin na farko da shuka shahara a tarin musulunci.[1]
Mashahurai malaman tarihi sun ambaci sunan sa cikakke da cewa: shi ne Jundubu dan Janadata dan Kaisu dan Amru dan Malil dan Su’airu dan Huram dan Gaffar wanda da shi ne ake danganta shi kuma aka san shi da shi, (gaffari).[2] Babar sa ma ‘yar kabilar Gaffari ce; ana kiranta Ramlatu ‘yar waki’ata.[3] Kafin aiko Manzo (s.a.w) Abuzarri ya kasance mai bautar Allah Ta”ala kuma daga karshe ya sami labarin Manzo (s.a.w) har ya sami sanayya da shi (s.a.w) kuma ya shiga musulunci.[4] Abuzarril giffari ya kasance sabanin sauran musulmai a lokacin da ya musulunta bai zauna a makka ba, shi komawa ya yi wajen kabilarsa har bayan da Manzo (s.a.w) ya yi hijira bai koma madina ba, haka ma lokacin yakoki badar da uhudu da khandak duk a lokacin yana tare da kabilarsa har ya zuwa bayan lokacin yakin kahndak sannan ne ya zo madina wajen Manzo (s.a.w) kuma ya ci gaba da zama a madina har lokacin da Manzo (s.a.w) ya yi wafati.[5] Kuma har zuwa lokacin da halifa na farko ya muta Abuzarri ya ci gaba da zama a madina.[6]
Abuzarri ya kasance daga cikin sahabbai masu harshe mai tsage gaskiya da jarumtaka kuma kowa ya san shi da haka har ma an rawaito cewa Manzo (s.a.w) ya ce: ya daukarwa Manzo (s.a.w) alkawrin cewa kyamar mai kyama ba za ta taba sawa ya juya baya ba[7]. Kuma wannan ruwayar mai zuwa na nuna matsayin Abuzarri na musamman “sama ba ta lullube wani ba kuma kasa ba ta dauki wanu mutum ma’abocin baki da ya kai Abuzarri gaskiyar magana ba”.[8]
Bayanin wannan ruwayar kan matsayinsa mai girma ya sa wasu daga cikin ‘yan shi’a sun shiga rudani cewa kenan Abuzarri ya fi ahlulbaiti ma matsayi kenan ko kuwa bai fi su ba? Daya daga cikin ‘yan shi’a ya tambayi imam sadik (a.s) kan wannan ishkalin: shin Manzon Allah Ta”ala (s.a.w) bai fadi cewa: “sama ba ta lullube wani ba kuma kasa ba ta dauki wanu mutum ma’abocin baki da ya kai Abuzarri gaskiyar harshe ba”? sai imam ya ce eh haka ne. Sai ya tambaya: to Manzo (s.a.w) da imam Ali (a.s) da Hasan da Husain (a.s) suna cikin su wa?, imam sadik (a.s) a wajen ba shi amsa sai ya ce da shi a tsawon shekara wata nawa muke da shi? Sai ya ce sha biyu, sai ya ce watanni masu alfarma guda nawa ne a cikinsu? Sai mai tambayar ya ce: guda hudu ne. Sai ya ce shin watan ramadhan na cikinsu? Sai ya bada korarriyar amsa (ba ya cikin su). Sai imam (a.s) ya ce tabbas a cikin watan ramadan akwai wata rana wacce ta fi wata dubu, kuma mu ‘yan gida ne (ahlulbaiti ne) da ba’a auna mu da ko wadanne irin mutane”.[9]
 
Abuzarri ya kasance mai tsage gaskiya da fadin hakikar abu har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa kuma wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka kore shi wanda hakan ya zama sanadiyyar wafatinsa a karshe, kuma ya kasance daga cikin daidaikun mutane na kusa kusa da imam Ali (a.s), kuma bayan faruwar aika aikar Sakifa Abuzarri shi da wasu ‘yan tsirarun sahabbai na daga cikin wadanda suka wanzu a gefen imam Ali (a.s) kuma suka kasance daga cikin shi’arsa na kurkusa wannan matakin na sa ne ya sa aka rawaito hadisai masu yawa kan yabonsa. Imam Ali Al-ridha (a.s), yan cewa: “son aminrul muminin imam Ali (a.s) wajibi ne, haka ma son wadanda suka wanzu tare da shi ba su chaja ba, ba su bada baya ga barin addini ba kamar su salmanul farisi da Abuzarril Giffari da mikdad dan aswad da Ammar dan Yasir dss Allah Ta”ala ya kara yarda a gare su ya yi musu rahama”.[10]
Bayan mutuwar halfa abubukar Abuzarri ya yi hijira zuwa sham, amma nisantarsa daga madina baya nufin ya nisanta daga musulunci, kuma ya zauna a can har zuwa lokacin halifancin usman.
Usman ya bada umarni a dawo da shi madina, kuma dalilin bayar da wannan umarni shi ne, a cen syria Abuzarri ya zame wa Mu’awiya karfen kafe a fagen yakar bidi’o’in da mu’awuya yake ta kirkirowa, ya tsaya kyam da harshensa na gaskiya a gaban mu’awuya kuma yana yin fito na fito da munanan ayuukan mu’awuya a sham yama wayer da mutane kan addininsu da hakkokinsu. Doh haka ne mu’awuya ya rubuta wa Usman wasika yana nuna masa hadarin Abuzarri a Sham.[11] Bayan dawowar Abuzarri madina bai rufe bakinsa ya yi shiru kan barnar da Usman ke yi ba, kai har ma sai da suka yi sa- in- sa mai tsananin da ta fatar baki da Usman a gaban sahabbai.[12] Daga karshe sai Usman ya kore shi zuwa rizbah kuma a can ne Abuzarri ya zauna har ya yi wafati a shekara ta 33 bayan hijira, sannan Abdullahi dan mas’ud ya yi masa salla.[13]
A lokacin da ya yi haramar tafiya rizbah imam Ali (a.s) ya tattaka masa yana mai yi masa takiya, sannan ya gaya masa wannan maganar: “ya Abazarri kamar yadda ka yi fushi saboda Allah Ta”ala to ka zama dora fatanka kadai kan wanda ka yi fushi saboda shi. Hakika wadannan mutanen suna jin tsoronka ne kan duniyarsa kai kuma kana jin tsoronsu kan addinika, don haka ka bar musu duniyarsu da suke jin tsoronka saboda ita kuma ka rike addinika wanda kake jin tsoronsu a kansa, ya tsananin bukatuwarsu ga abin da suke jin tsoron ka a kan sa na duniyarsu. Kuma ya tsananin wadatuwar ka zuwa abin da ka hana su. kuma ba da dadewa ba za a gane waye ya ci ribar gobe, kuma wa ya fi kyakkyawar makoma, da ace sama da kasa za su hada da bawa sannan ya kasance ya ji tsaron Allah Ta”ala to da sai Allah Ta”ala ya ba shi mafita, kar ka taba samun nutsuwa da wani abu sai gaskiya kuma kada ka taba dimaucewa da wani sai bata da barna, da ka karbin duniyarsu da sun so ka, kuma da ka dan ci wani abu daga cikinta da sun kyale ka”.[14] Wannan bayanin da imam Ali (a.s) ya yi, ya bayyana hakikanin halin da Abuzarri ya ke ciki, kuma ya koka kan matakin da aka dauka kan Abuzarri na nisanta shi ka korar sa daga cikin al’umma.
 
 
 
 
[1] Abu na’im isfahani, ahmad dan abdullahi, ma’arifatus sahaba, tahkikin azizi, adil dan yusif j 2 shafi na 557, darul wadan riyadh, bugu na farko 1419.
[2] Ibni abdulbarri, yusif dan Abdullahi, alistiab fi ma’arifatussahaba, tahkikin bajawi, Ali dan muhammad j 4 shafi na 1652, darul jaili bairut bugu na farko, 1412.
[3] Alisti’ab fi ma’arifatus sahaba j1 shafi na 252.
[4] Ma’arifatus sahaba j 2 shafi na 557.
[5] Iddni asir jazarim Ali  dan muhammad a cikin usudul gaba fi ma’arifatus sahaba j 1 shafi na 357, bugun darul fikri bierut lubnon.
[6] Alisti’ab fi ma’arifatus sahaba j1 shafi na 252.
[7] Ma’arifatus sahaba j 2 shafi na 557.
[8] Kumi, Ali dan ibrahim, a cikin tafsirin kummi, tahikikin musawi jaza’iri , sayyid dayyib, j1 shafi na 52, darul kitab, kum bugu na hudu 1367.
[9] Shehus saduka, ma’anil akhbar wada gaffari Ali akbar ya yiwa yiwa tahkiki ya gyara, bugun daftari intisharati islami, kum, bugu na farko 1403. Da kuma tarjamaru ma’anil akhbar,mafassata muhammadi shaharudi, abdulali j 1 shafi na 395-396, darul kutubul islamiyya tehran bugu na biyu 1377.
[10] Shekh saduk a cikin uyuna akhbar Ridha (as) , wanda lajuri, Mahdi ya yiwa tahkiki ya gyara j 2 shafi na 126 bugun nashiri jihan, Tehran bugun farko, 1378.
[11] Al’isti’ab j 1 sh 253.
[12] Majlisi Muhammad bakir a cikin biharul anwar j 22 sh 426, daru ihya’I turasin arabi , bairut , bugu na biyu, 1403.
[13] Al’isti’ab j 1 sh 253.   
[14] Sharif alradhiyi Muhammad  dan Husain, a Nahjul Balga, tahkiki da gyaran salihu subhi khuduba ta 130, sh 188, mabugar hijrat, kum, bugun farko, 1414. Da kuma mai Tarjamar hanjul balaga, wanda yayi tarjama: dashrti Ahmad shafi 247, mabudar mash’hur kum bugu na farko 1379.
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